What makes an industrial PC, an industrial PC? It’s the components; extended temperature, vibration resistance, MIL-spec testing are things that set an industrial PC apart from consumer devices available at Costco or Best Buy.
Industrial PCs contain many of the same core components as a desktop computer, but they are designed for continuous operation in demanding environments. Understanding these components helps users choose the right IPC for an application and better understand how hardware specifications impact performance, reliability, and longevity.
Processor (CPU)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary processor of the computer. It executes operating system instructions, runs applications, performs calculations, and manages communication between hardware components.
The processor has the greatest influence on overall system performance. Faster processors with additional cores can handle more demanding workloads such as SCADA systems, machine vision, data logging, SQL databases, and virtualization.
For industrial applications, selecting the appropriate processor depends on the software being used rather than simply choosing the fastest available CPU.
Click here to visit a detailed page about the various CPUs offered in Maple Systems’ most popular Industrial PC Lineup.
Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the computer’s temporary working memory. Applications load data into RAM while they are running, allowing the processor to access information much faster than it could from storage.
Unlike permanent storage, RAM is cleared whenever the computer is powered off or restarted.
More RAM allows the system to:
- Run more applications simultaneously
- Handle larger projects
- Improve multitasking performance
- Reduce slowdowns caused by memory shortages
Insufficient RAM often results in slower system performance as Windows begins moving data between memory and storage.
Storage (SSD)
A Solid-State Drive (SSD) stores the operating system, applications, project files, databases, and user data.
Unlike traditional hard drives, SSDs contain no moving parts, making them significantly faster and more resistant to vibration and shock—important characteristics for industrial environments.
Storage capacity determines how much data can be saved, while storage speed affects:
- Boot times
- Application startup
- File transfers
- Database performance
- Overall system responsiveness
Graphics Processor (GPU)
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) renders graphics displayed on the monitor.
Many industrial applications only require integrated graphics built into the processor. However, more demanding applications such as 3D visualization, machine vision, AI processing, and multi-monitor systems may benefit from dedicated graphics hardware.
For most HMI and SCADA applications, graphics performance is rarely the limiting factor.
Network Interface (Ethernet)
Industrial PCs commonly include one or more Ethernet ports for network communication.
These ports allow the IPC to communicate with:
- PLCs
- HMIs
- Industrial devices
- SCADA systems
- Databases
- Enterprise networks
Multiple Ethernet interfaces can also isolate machine networks from business networks while allowing the IPC to communicate with both.
Expansion Slots
Expansion slots allow additional hardware to be installed after purchase.
Depending on the IPC model, expansion may include:
- Additional Ethernet ports
- Serial communication cards
- Digital I/O
- Analog I/O
- CAN bus interfaces
- Fieldbus cards
- Wireless communication modules
Expansion capability extends the useful life of an industrial computer by allowing it to adapt to changing application requirements.
Cooling System
Every processor generates heat during operation.
Industrial PCs typically use either:
- Fanless cooling, which relies on heat sinks and passive airflow
- Active cooling, which uses fans to move air across internal components
Fanless systems generally offer greater reliability because they eliminate moving parts and reduce dust accumulation, making them well suited for harsh industrial environments.
Operating System
The operating system serves as the interface between hardware and software.
All Maple Systems industrial PCs are available with Windows operating systems, allowing users to install standard industrial software including SCADA packages, HMI runtimes, databases, PLC programming software, and custom applications. Linux Ubuntu Desktop and Linux Ubuntu Server are available on select Maple Systems indusrial PCs, for those applications where a Linux OS is desired.