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What is the GOOSE protocol?
The Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol is a communication standard used in electrical substations for rapid data exchange. It operates within the IEC 61850 standard and enables real-time messaging between protection and control devices. GOOSE messages use a publish-subscribe model to deliver critical data with low latency and high reliability. This protocol is used for automation, allowing devices to respond instantly to faults and system changes. By reducing reaction time, GOOSE enhances substation safety, stability, and efficiency.
A few PLC manufacturers that utilize the GOOSE protocol are Siemens, Schneider Electric, ABB, GE, and Rockwell Automation.
GOOSE is not a standard IP-based protocol like EtherNet/IP. GOOSE operates at layer 2 of the OSI model using multicast messaging. Therefore, proper VLAN segmentation, QoS, and IGMP throttling/snooping can help manage traffic and ensure reliability.