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What is Nway Auto-negotiation?
Nway Auto-Negotiation, defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard, allows network devices to automatically determine the best duplex mode and speed. It eliminates manual configuration by exchanging capabilities between devices. This process ensures optimal performance and compatibility in Ethernet networks. Common speeds include 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1Gbps, with full or half-duplex modes. If negotiation fails, devices may default to a lower speed or half-duplex mode.
Common speeds include 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1Gbps, with full or half-duplex modes. If negotiation fails, devices may default to a lower speed or half-duplex mode. Read more about duplex modes in our What is Full or Half-Duplex mode article.
Example Scenario: HMI with 10/100 Mbps Connecting to a 1GbE Switch:
An HMI with a 10/100Mbps Ethernet port connects to a switch with a 1GbE (1000Mbps) port. During Nway Auto-Negotiation, both devices exchange their supported speeds and duplex modes. The HMI advertises 10Mbps and 100Mbps, while the switch advertises 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1000Mbps. Since 100Mbps full-duplex is the highest common speed, they agree to use it.