Industrial QoS (iQoS) ensures reliable communication by prioritizing critical protocols like PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and GOOSE in automation networks. These protocols require low latency and minimal packet loss for real-time control and monitoring. iQoS assigns higher transmission priority to these packets, ensuring they are processed before less critical traffic. PROFINET and EtherNet/IP benefit from QoS settings…
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) monitors and manages devices on an IP network. SNMP uses a structured format with Object Identifiers (OIDs) to retrieve and modify device parameters and supports SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3. SNMPv3 offers enhanced security through authentication and encryption. SNMP also includes traps, which send alert messages to an SNMP manager when…
What is an Access Control List? An Access Control List (ACL) is used to filter network traffic based on predefined rules. Traffic is allowed or denied based on IP addresses, MAC addresses, protocols, or port numbers. ACLs are applied to routers, switches, and firewalls to improve security. Standard ACLs filter traffic using source IP addresses,…
Electromagnetic Susceptibility (EMS) refers to a device’s ability to function correctly in the presence of electromagnetic interference (EMI). It is the opposite of electromagnetic immunity, which indicates a device’s ability to resist EMI. Devices with low EMS are more vulnerable to disturbances, which may cause malfunctions or data errors. Therefore, EMS plays a crucial role…
The IEC 60068-2 standard is part of the IEC 60068 series, which covers environmental testing for electrical and electronic equipment. Specifically, IEC 60068-2 refers to various test methods and procedures used to evaluate the environmental durability of devices in different conditions. The standard includes tests for temperature, humidity, vibration, shock, and other environmental factors that…
A switch fabric refers to the internal architecture of a network switch that connects its ports and facilitates data forwarding. It enables communication between the switch’s ports by determining how data packets are routed from one port to another. The switch fabric plays a crucial role in the switch’s overall performance and capacity, as it…
Network device flapping occurs when a network device repeatedly connects and disconnects in short intervals. This issue affects stability and can cause network disruptions. Flapping is commonly seen in links between switches, routers, or access points due to faulty cables, hardware failures, or configuration errors. It can also result from spanning tree recalculations, interface errors,…
A Command Line Interface (CLI) is a text-based interface used to configure and manage operating systems or network devices. Users enter text commands to perform tasks like configuring settings, managing files, or troubleshooting network issues. Unlike Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), CLI provides direct control, faster execution, and scripting capabilities for automation. Many network devices, including…
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is the foundational protocol used to transfer data on the web. It allows the client (like a browser) to request resources from a web server. HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP, encrypting the data using SSL/TLS to protect privacy and integrity. HTTP is widely…
Maximum Transmission Units (MTU) refer to the largest size of a packet that can be transmitted over a network. It is determined by the network’s protocol and hardware limitations. MTU affects the efficiency and performance of data transmission. A larger MTU allows for sending more data at once, reducing overhead. However, if the MTU is…
An Industrial Network Switch is a type of switch designed to operate in harsh environments typically found in industrial settings. It is built to withstand factors like temperature extremes, humidity, vibration, and electrical interference, which are common in factories, power plants, and other industrial locations. These switches are optimized for industrial control systems, offering high…
EtherNet/IP (Ethernet Industrial Protocol) is an industrial networking protocol that operates over standard Ethernet infrastructure. EtherNet/IP is an open and standardized protocol governed by the ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendors Association). It uses the standard TCP/IP suite for communication but is specifically designed to handle real-time control and monitoring in industrial environments. EtherNet/IP uses an electronic…