What is the OSI Model?

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a conceptual framework that defines how data moves through a network in seven layers — from the physical hardware connection to the software applications users interact with. Each layer handles a specific function in communication, ensuring different devices and systems can exchange data reliably.

The seven layers are:

1. Physical – the hardware and electrical signals (e.g., cables, switches)
2. Data Link – manages node-to-node data transfer (e.g., Ethernet, MAC addressing)
3. Network – routes data between networks (e.g., IP addressing)
4. Transport – ensures complete data transfer (e.g., TCP/UDP)
5. Session – manages connections and sessions
6. Presentation – translates data formats for applications
7. Application – the interface users and programs interact with (e.g., HTTP, Modbus/TCP, OPC UA)

How It Relates to Maple Systems Products

Maple Systems’ products — such as HMIs, Industrial PCs, Ethernet switches, and communication gateways — operate across several layers of the OSI model to facilitate communication between industrial devices and networks.

Here’s how:

Why It Matters

Understanding the OSI model helps engineers design and troubleshoot industrial networks using Maple Systems products. It ensures devices communicate efficiently and securely — from the physical connection (Layer 1) all the way to data visualization on an HMI (Layer 7).

Content created by Taryn Staley